AD9516-2SLASHPCBZ datasheet(33/84 Pages) AD

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AD9516-2

Rev. 0 | Page 33 of 84

Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

CLK

CHARGE PUMP

R DIVIDER

VCP

VSGND

STATUS

CPRSET

DIST

REF

RSET

DIVIDE BY

2, 3, 4, 5, OR 6

A/B

COUNTERS

N DIVIDER

REFMON

BYPASS

LOW DROPOUT

REGULATOR (LDO)

VCO

P, P + 1

PRESCALER

REF2

REF1

REFERENCE

SWITCHOVER

HOLD

VCO STATUS

REF_SEL

LOCK

DETECT

STATUS

CLK

PHASE

FREQUENCY

DETECTOR

PROGRAMMABLE

N DELAY

PROGRAMMABLE

R DELAY

PLL

REF

REFIN (REF1)

REFIN (REF2)

Figure 45. PLL Functional Blocks

The AD9516 includes an on-chip PLL with an on-chip VCO.

The PLL blocks can be used either with the on-chip VCO to

create a complete phase-locked loop, or with an external VCO

or VCXO. The PLL requires an external loop filter, which

usually consists of a small number of capacitors and resistors.

The configuration and components of the loop filter help to

establish the loop bandwidth and stability of the operating PLL.

The AD9516 PLL is useful for generating clock frequencies

from a supplied reference frequency. This includes conversion

of reference frequencies to much higher frequencies for subsequent

division and distribution. In addition, the PLL can be exploited to

clean up jitter and phase noise on a noisy reference. The exact

choices of PLL parameters and loop dynamics is application

specific. The flexibility and depth of the AD9516 PLL allows the

part to be tailored to function in many different applications

and signal environments.

Configuration of the PLL

The AD9516 allows flexible configuration of the PLL,

accomodating various reference frequencies, PFD comparison

frequencies, VCO frequencies, internal or external VCO/VCXO,

and loop dynamics. This is accomplished by the various settings

that include the R divider, the N divider, the PFD polarity (only

applicable to external VCO/VCXO), the antibacklash pulse

width, the charge pump current, the selection of internal VCO

or external VCO/VCXO, and the loop bandwidth. These are

managed through programmable register settings (see Table 51

and Table 53) and by the design of the external loop filter.

Successful PLL operation and satisfactory PLL loop performance

are highly dependant upon proper configuration of the PLL

settings. The design of the external loop filter is crucial to the

proper operation of the PLL. A thorough knowledge of PLL

theory and design is helpful.

ADIsimCLK™ (V1.2 or later) is a free program that can help

with the design and exploration of the capabilities and features

of the AD9516, including the design of the PLL loop filter. It is

available at www.analog.com/clocks.

Phase Frequency Detector (PFD)

The PFD takes inputs from the R counter and N counter and

produces an output proportional to the phase and frequency

difference between them. The PFD includes a programmable

delay element that controls the width of the antibacklash pulse.

This pulse ensures that there is no dead zone in the PFD

transfer function and minimizes phase noise and reference

spurs. The antibacklash pulse width is set by 0x17<1:0>.

An important limit to keep in mind is the maximum frequency

allowed into the PFD. The maximum input frequency into the

PFD is a function of the antibacklash pulse setting, as specified

in the Phase/Frequency Detector section of Table 2.

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