ATmega328P datasheet(19/345 Pages) ATMEL

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7810A–AVR–11/09

ATmega328P [Preliminary]

7.4.1

EEPROM Read/Write Access

The EEPROM Access Registers are accessible in the I/O space.

The write access time for the EEPROM is given in Table 7-2. A self-timing function, however,

lets the user software detect when the next byte can be written. If the user code contains instruc-

tions that write the EEPROM, some precautions must be taken. In heavily filtered power

supplies, V

CC is likely to rise or fall slowly on power-up/down. This causes the device for some

period of time to run at a voltage lower than specified as minimum for the clock frequency used.

See “Preventing EEPROM Corruption” on page 19 for details on how to avoid problems in these

situations.

In order to prevent unintentional EEPROM writes, a specific write procedure must be followed.

Refer to the description of the EEPROM Control Register for details on this.

When the EEPROM is read, the CPU is halted for four clock cycles before the next instruction is

executed. When the EEPROM is written, the CPU is halted for two clock cycles before the next

instruction is executed.

7.4.2

Preventing EEPROM Corruption

During periods of low V

CC, the EEPROM data can be corrupted because the supply voltage is

too low for the CPU and the EEPROM to operate properly. These issues are the same as for

board level systems using EEPROM, and the same design solutions should be applied.

An EEPROM data corruption can be caused by two situations when the voltage is too low. First,

a regular write sequence to the EEPROM requires a minimum voltage to operate correctly. Sec-

ondly, the CPU itself can execute instructions incorrectly, if the supply voltage is too low.

EEPROM data corruption can easily be avoided by following this design recommendation:

Keep the AVR RESET active (low) during periods of insufficient power supply voltage. This can

be done by enabling the internal Brown-out Detector (BOD). If the detection level of the internal

BOD does not match the needed detection level, an external low V

CC reset Protection circuit can

be used. If a reset occurs while a write operation is in progress, the write operation will be com-

pleted provided that the power supply voltage is sufficient.

7.5

I/O Memory

The I/O space definition of the ATmega328P is shown in “Register Summary” on page 326.

All ATmega328P I/Os and peripherals are placed in the I/O space. All I/O locations may be

accessed by the LD/LDS/LDD and ST/STS/STD instructions, transferring data between the 32

general purpose working registers and the I/O space. I/O Registers within the address range

0x00 - 0x1F are directly bit-accessible using the SBI and CBI instructions. In these registers, the

value of single bits can be checked by using the SBIS and SBIC instructions. Refer to the

instruction set section for more details. When using the I/O specific commands IN and OUT, the

I/O addresses 0x00 - 0x3F must be used. When addressing I/O Registers as data space using

LD and ST instructions, 0x20 must be added to these addresses. The ATmega328P is a com-

plex microcontroller with more peripheral units than can be supported within the 64 location

reserved in Opcode for the IN and OUT instructions. For the Extended I/O space from 0x60 -

0xFF in SRAM, only the ST/STS/STD and LD/LDS/LDD instructions can be used.

For compatibility with future devices, reserved bits should be written to zero if accessed.

Reserved I/O memory addresses should never be written.

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