ATmega169P datasheet(100/393 Pages) ATMEL

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8018N–AVR–08/09

ATmega169P

set as output. The PWM waveform is generated by clearing (or setting) the OC0A Register at the

compare match between OCR0A and TCNT0 when the counter increments, and setting (or

clearing) the OC0A Register at compare match between OCR0A and TCNT0 when the counter

decrements. The PWM frequency for the output when using phase correct PWM can be calcu-

lated by the following equation:

The N variable represents the prescale factor (1, 8, 64, 256, or 1024).

The extreme values for the OCR0A Register represent special cases when generating a PWM

waveform output in the phase correct PWM mode. If the OCR0A is set equal to BOTTOM, the

output will be continuously low and if set equal to MAX the output will be continuously high for

non-inverted PWM mode. For inverted PWM the output will have the opposite logic values.

At the very start of period 2 in Figure 14-7 OCn has a transition from high to low even though

there is no Compare Match. The point of this transition is to guarantee symmetry around BOT-

TOM. There are two cases that give a transition without Compare Match.

• OCR0A changes its value from MAX, like in Figure 14-7. When the OCR0A value is MAX the

OCn pin value is the same as the result of a down-counting Compare Match. To ensure

symmetry around BOTTOM the OCn value at MAX must correspond to the result of an up-

counting Compare Match.

• The timer starts counting from a value higher than the one in OCR0A, and for that reason

misses the Compare Match and hence the OCn change that would have happened on the way

up.

14.8

Timer/Counter Timing Diagrams

The Timer/Counter is a synchronous design and the timer clock (clk

T0) is therefore shown as a

clock enable signal in the following figures. The figures include information on when Interrupt

Flags are set. Figure 14-8 contains timing data for basic Timer/Counter operation. The figure

shows the count sequence close to the MAX value in all modes other than phase correct PWM

mode.

Figure 14-8. Timer/Counter Timing Diagram, no Prescaling

Figure 14-9 shows the same timing data, but with the prescaler enabled.

fOCnxPCPWM

clk_I/O

N 510

⋅

------------------

clk

(clk

I/O/1)

TOVn

clk

I/O

TCNTn

MAX - 1

MAX

BOTTOM

BOTTOM + 1

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