AD9520-5SLASHPCBZ datasheet(40/80 Pages) AD

40 / 80 page

AD9520-5

Rev. 0 | Page 40 of 80

Clock Frequency Division

The total frequency division is a combination of the VCO

divider (when used) and the channel divider. When the VCO

divider is used, the total division from the CLK to the output is

the product of the VCO divider (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) and the

division of the channel divider. Table 28 indicates how the

frequency division for a channel is set.

Table 28. Frequency Division

VCO Divider

Setting1

Channel

Divider

Setting

CLK Direct-

to-Output

Setting

Resulting

Frequency

Division

1 to 6

Don’t care

Enable

1 to 6

2 to 32

Disable

(1 to 6) × (2 to 32)

2 to 6

Bypass

Disable

(2 to 6) × (1)

Bypass

Disable

Output static

(illegal state)

VCO divider

bypassed

Bypass

Don’t care

VCO divider

bypassed

2 to 32

Don’t care

2 to 32

1 The bypass VCO divider (0x1E1[0] = 1) is not the same as VCO divider = 1.

The channel dividers feeding the output drivers contain one

2-to-32 frequency divider. This divider provides for division-by-1

to division-by-32. Division-by-1 is accomplished by bypassing

the divider. The dividers also provide for a programmable duty

cycle, with optional duty-cycle correction when the divide ratio

is odd. A phase offset or delay in increments of the input clock

cycle is selectable. The channel dividers operate with a signal at

their inputs up to 1600 MHz. The features and settings of the

dividers are selected by programming the appropriate setup

and control registers (see Table 44 through Table 55).

VCO Divider

The VCO divider provides frequency division between the CLK

input and the clock distribution channel dividers. The VCO

divider can be set to divide by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 (see Table 51,

0x1E0[2:0]). However, when the VCO divider is set to 1, none

of the channel output dividers can be bypassed.

The VCO divider can also be set to static, which is useful for

applications where the only desired output frequency is the

CLK input frequency. Making the VCO divider static increases

the wide band spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). An

alternative to achieving the same SFDR performance is to set

the VCO divider to 1 and enable CLK direct mode.

Channel Dividers

A channel divider drives each group of three LVPECL outputs.

There are four channel dividers (0, 1, 2, and 3) driving 12 LVPECL

outputs (OUT0 to OUT11). Table 29 gives the register locations

used for setting the division and other functions of these dividers.

The division is set by the values of M and N. The divider can be

bypassed (equivalent to divide-by-1, divider circuit is powered

down) by setting the bypass bit. The duty-cycle correction can

be enabled or disabled according to the setting of the disable

divider DCC bits.

Table 29. Setting DX for the Output Dividers

Divider

Low Cycles M

High Cycles N

Bypass

Disable

Div DCC

0x190[7:4]

0x190[3:0]

0x191[7]

0x192[0]

0x193[7:4]

0x193[3:0]

0x194[7]

0x195[0]

0x196[7:4]

0x196[3:0]

0x197[7]

0x198[0]

0x199[7:4]

0x199[3:0]

0x19A[7]

0x19B[0]

Channel Frequency Division (0, 1, 2, and 3)

For each channel (where the channel number x is 0, 1, 2, or 3),

the frequency division, DX, is set by the values of M and N

(four bits each, representing Decimal 0 to Decimal 15), where

Number of Low Cycles = M + 1

Number of High Cycles = N + 1

The high and low cycles are cycles of the clock signal currently

routed to the input of the channel dividers (VCO divider out

or CLK).

When a divider is bypassed, DX = 1.

Otherwise, DX = (N + 1) + (M + 1) = N + M + 2. This allows

each channel divider to divide by any integer from 1 to 32.

Duty Cycle and Duty-Cycle Correction

The duty cycle of the clock signal at the output of a channel is a

result of some or all of the following conditions:

•

The M and N values for the channel

•

DCC enabled/disabled

•

VCO divider enabled/bypassed

•

The CLK input duty cycle

The DCC function is enabled by default for each channel divider.

However, the DCC function can be disabled individually for

each channel divider by setting the disable divider DCC bit for

that channel.

Certain M and N values for a channel divider result in a non-

50% duty cycle. A non-50% duty cycle can also result with an

even division, if M ≠ N. The duty-cycle correction function

automatically corrects non-50% duty cycles at the channel

divider output to 50% duty cycle.

Duty-cycle correction requires the following channel divider

conditions:

• An even division must be set as M = N.

• An odd division must be set as M = N + 1.

When not bypassed or corrected by the DCC function, the duty

cycle of each channel divider output is the numerical value of

(N + 1)/(N + M + 2) expressed as a percent.

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