CS9236

20

DS214PP11

Control Change Messages (Continued)

PAN (CONTROLLER 10)

BnH

0AH

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

vv = pan

00 - 40 - 7FH (0 - 64 - 127) <Left - Center - Right>

The PAN message (MIDI Controller 10) is used to control the left/right output placement for notes played on the specified

MIDI channel. A PAN value of 0 indicates hard left, 64 indicates center (equally balanced between left and right), and 127

indicates hard right. The CS9236 implements an “equal-power” pan scaling as indicated by the following formulae:

Left_scaling = ((127 - PAN_value) / 127) ^ 0.5

Right_scaling = (PAN_value / 127) ^ 0.5

On the melodic instrument channels (MIDI channels 1 - 9, 11 - 16), the MIDI PAN value is absolute (the received value

replaces the default value for the instrument selected on the specified channel). On the percussion channel (MIDI channel

10) the MIDI PAN value is relative to the default value for each of the individual percussion sounds.

EXPRESSION (CONTROLLER 11)

BnH

0BH

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

vv = expression

00 - 7FH (0 - 127)

The VOLUME message (MIDI Controller 7) is used in conjunction with the MIDI EXPRESSION message (Controller 11)

to control the overall volume of notes on a specified MIDI channel. The VOLUME and EXPRESSION curves are described

by the following equation:

Attenuation from full scale (dB) = 40 ln ((VOLUME_value * EXPRESSION_value) / (127^2))

The CS9236 default value for EXPRESSION is 127.

DAMPER PEDAL/SUSTAIN (CONTROLLER 64)

BnH

40H

vvH

n = MIDI channel number

0 - FH (1 - 16)

vv = control value

00 - 3FH (0 - 63) <OFF>

40 - 7FH (64 - 127) <ON>

The DAMPER PEDAL (Controller 64) allows notes on a specified MIDI channel to continue sounding after their corre-

sponding NOTE OFF messages have been received. The DAMPER PEDAL ON state takes priority over the NOTE OFF

and ALL NOTES OFF messages: the NOTE OFF or ALL NOTES OFF messages are recognized, but not acted on until the

DAMPER PEDAL is set OFF (released). The DAMPER PEDAL ON state results in progression of the normal sustain en-

velope of ongoing notes.