PIC18F258-ESLASHLSQTP datasheet(95/402 Pages) MICROCHIP

95 / 402 page

DS41159E-page 93

PIC18FXX8

9.0

I/O PORTS

Depending on the device selected, there are up to five

general purpose I/O ports available on PIC18FXX8

devices. Some pins of the I/O ports are multiplexed

with an alternate function from the peripheral features

on the device. In general, when a peripheral is enabled,

that pin may not be used as a general purpose I/O pin.

Each port has three registers for its operation:

• TRIS register (Data Direction register)

• PORT register (reads the levels on the pins of the

device)

• LAT register (output latch)

The data latch (LAT register) is useful for read-modify-

write operations on the value that the I/O pins are

driving.

9.1

PORTA, TRISA and LATA

Registers

PORTA is a 7-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-

sponding Data Direction register is TRISA. Setting a

TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin

an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a

high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will

make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., put

the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). On

a Power-on Reset, these pins are configured as inputs

and read as ‘0’.

Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the

pins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch.

Read-modify-write operations on the LATA register

read and write the latched output value for PORTA.

The RA4 pin is multiplexed with the Timer0 module

clock input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The RA4/

T0CKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input and an open-drain

output. All other RA port pins have TTL input levels and

full CMOS output drivers.

The other PORTA pins are multiplexed with analog

inputs and the analog VREF+ and VREF- inputs. The

operation of each pin is selected by clearing/setting the

control bits in the ADCON1 register (A/D Control

configured as analog inputs and read as ‘0’.

The TRISA register controls the direction of the RA

pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs.

The user must ensure the bits in the TRISA register are

maintained set, when using them as analog inputs.

EXAMPLE 9-1:

INITIALIZING PORTA

Note:

On a Power-on Reset, RA5 and RA3:RA0

are configured as analog inputs and read

as ‘0’. RA6 and RA4 are configured as

digital inputs.

CLRF

PORTA

; Initialize PORTA by

; clearing output data latches

CLRF

LATA

; Alternate method to clear

; output data latches

MOVLW

07h

; Configure A/D

MOVWF

ADCON1 ; for digital inputs

MOVLW

0CFh

; Value used to initialize

; data direction

MOVWF

TRISA

; Set RA3:RA0 as inputs,

; RA5:RA4 as outputs

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