CC78K4 datasheet(106/523 Pages) NEC

106 / 523 page

User’s Manual U15556EJ1V0UM

106

CHAPTER 6 CONTROL STRUCTURES OF C LANGUAGE

This chapter describes the program control structures of C language and the statements to be executed in C.

Generally speaking, no matter how complicated a process is, it can be expressed with three basic control

structures. These three control structures are: Sequential, Conditional (Selection), and Iteration. Branch is used to

change the flow of a program by force.

(1) Sequential processing

Statements in a program are executed one by one from top to bottom in the order of their description in the

program.

(2) Conditional (selection) processing

According to the status of the program under execution, the next executable statement is selected and executed.

The selection condition is specified in a control statement. The control statement determines which of the two

alternative statement groups or multiway (three or more) alternative statement groups is to be executed.

(3) Looping (iteration) processing

The same processing is executed two or more times. The execution of an executable statement is repeated a

specified number of times in the state indicated by the control statement.

(4) Branch processing

C is forced to exit from the current program flow and control is transferred to a specified label.

Program

execution starts from the statement next to the specified label.

There are six types of statements used in C.

•

Labeled statement ...............................

Causes branch according to the value of the switch statement

and the destination of the goto statement

•

Compound statement (block) ..............

Collects two or more statements to be processed as one unit

•

Expression statement ..........................

A statement consisting of an expression and a semicolon

•

Selection statement .............................

Selects a statement out of several statements according to the

value of the expression

•

Iteration statement...............................

Repeatedly performs a statement called the body of a loop

until control expression becomes equal to 0

•

Branch statement ................................

Causes an unconditional branch to a different destination

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